The Turkish future tense (-acak): every form with one rule
The future tense describes things that have not happened yet but that we expect or plan: Yarın Ankara’ya gideceğim. (I will go to Ankara tomorrow.) As in the present continuous and the past tense, every form is built from the order of the suffixes. In this tense the question particle comes before the personal ending, as in the present continuous. In this article I cover the positive, negative and question forms of the future tense, the changing forms of the suffix, and the mistakes learners make most often.
1. When is it used?
| Use | Example |
|---|---|
| A plan | Yazın Türkiye’ye gideceğim. (I will go to Türkiye in the summer.) |
| A promise or decision | Yarın seni arayacağım. (I will call you tomorrow.) |
| A prediction | Akşam yağmur yağacak. (It will rain in the evening.) |
For near and fixed plans, the present continuous is also used: Yarın Ankara’ya gidiyorum. (I’m going to Ankara tomorrow.) More in the present continuous article.
2. The logic: the order of the suffixes
The order is always the same: verb root + (negative) + future + (question) + personal ending.
Positive and negative (yapmak, to do):
| Person | Verb root | Negative | Future | Personal ending | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ben (I) | yap- | (-ma-) | -(y)acak | -(y)ım | yapacağım / yapmayacağım |
| sen (you) | yap- | (-ma-) | -(y)acak | -sın | yapacaksın / yapmayacaksın |
| o (he/she) | yap- | (-ma-) | -(y)acak | yapacak / yapmayacak | |
| biz (we) | yap- | (-ma-) | -(y)acak | -(y)ız | yapacağız / yapmayacağız |
| siz (you, plural/polite) | yap- | (-ma-) | -(y)acak | -sınız | yapacaksınız / yapmayacaksınız |
| onlar (they) | yap- | (-ma-) | -(y)acak | -lar | yapacaklar / yapmayacaklar |
Note the ben and biz rows: because the personal ending starts with a vowel, the k at the end of the suffix becomes ğ: yapacak, yapacağım; gelecek, geleceğiz.
Questions: the question particle mı / mi is written separately and comes before the personal ending. The personal ending goes on the particle; a y comes in before the ben and biz endings:
| Person | Question | Negative question |
|---|---|---|
| ben | yapacak mıyım? | yapmayacak mıyım? |
| sen | yapacak mısın? | yapmayacak mısın? |
| o | yapacak mı? | yapmayacak mı? |
| biz | yapacak mıyız? | yapmayacak mıyız? |
| siz | yapacak mısınız? | yapmayacak mısınız? |
| onlar | yapacaklar mı? | yapmayacaklar mı? |
The only exception is again onlar: the ending “-lar” stays on the verb and the particle comes last: yapacaklar mı?
Compare the three tenses:
- geliyor musun? (Are you coming?; present: particle before the personal ending)
- gelecek misin? (Will you come?; future: particle before the personal ending)
- geldin mi? (Did you come?; past: particle at the very end)
3. The forms of the suffix: -acak, -ecek
Its vowel follows the last vowel of the verb root (major vowel harmony): if the last vowel is a, ı, o, u, the suffix is -acak; if it is e, i, ö, ü, it is -ecek.
- yap-acak (will do), al-acak (will take), oku-y-acak (will read)
- gel-ecek (will come), gör-ecek (will see), iç-ecek (will drink)
The buffer y: if the root ends in a vowel, a y comes before the suffix: oku-y-acak, bekle-y-ecek (will wait). The negative suffix “-ma / -me” also ends in a vowel, so the negative always has a y: yap-ma-y-acak, gel-me-y-ecek.
Yemek and demek: in these two verbs, the e of the root becomes i: yiyecek (will eat), diyecek (will say).
4. Short forms in speech
In everyday speech, the future tense is often shortened: gelcem, yapcam, görüşcez. You will hear these forms a lot in TV series and on the street, but they are not used in writing. When you write, always use the full form: geleceğim, yapacağım, görüşeceğiz (I will come, I will do, we will see each other).
5. Common mistakes
| Wrong | Right | Why |
|---|---|---|
| yapacakım | yapacağım | Before a personal ending starting with a vowel, k becomes ğ. |
| yapmaacak | yapmayacak | A y comes in after the negative suffix. |
| yapacağım mı? | yapacak mıyım? | The question particle comes before the personal ending. |
| geleceğiz mi? | gelecek miyiz? | The personal ending goes on the particle. |
| yeyecek | yiyecek | In “yemek”, e becomes i. |
| gelcem (in writing) | geleceğim | Short forms are used only in speech. |
Test yourself
5 questions
"Yarın seni ___." (aramak, to call; I)
Answer:arayacağım. Before a personal ending starting with a vowel, k becomes ğ.
"Akşam bize ___?" (gelmek, to come; you; question)
Answer:gelecek misin. The particle comes before the personal ending and follows the last vowel: gelecek, mi.
"Biz bu yıl tatile ___." (gitmek, to go; negative)
Answer:gitmeyeceğiz. A y comes in after the negative suffix; before the biz ending, k becomes ğ.
"Akşam ne ___?" (yemek, to eat; you)
Answer:yiyeceksin. In "yemek", e becomes i: yiyecek.
Which one is correct in writing?
Answer:Görüşeceğiz.. Short forms are used only in speech.
Next step
You now know the three basic tenses: the present continuous, the past tense and the future tense. In all three, the order of the suffixes is the same; only the place of the question particle is different. For all A1 topics, see the grammar guide. If you have a question, ask me.
This article is part of the guide Turkish grammar for beginners
Have a question about this lesson? Ask it here
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